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Gallbladder: What Is It, Function, Location & Anatomy
Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located under your liver. Your gallbladder stores bile, which is a fluid your liver produces that helps digest fats.

Gall Bladder Pain: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - WebMD
Ever feel pain in your upper right belly? Find out how to tell if you have gallstones or other problems with your gallbladder.

Gallbladder: Problems, removal, diet, and treatment
Gallbladder blockages, such as gallstones, can cause severe pain and illness. Other gallbladder problems include bile duct infection and gallbladder cancer. They often require urgent medical ...

Gallbladder - Wikipedia
In vertebrates, the gallbladder, also known as the cholecyst, is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species. It receives bile, produced by the liver, via the common ...

Common Signs and Symptoms of Gallbladder Problems - Healthline
Abdominal pain and jaundice may signal a gallbladder problem, such as gallstones. Discover 10 other problems and how to identify them.

Gallstones - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic
Gallstones are hard pieces of material that can form in your gallbladder. Learn about causes and treatment for this sometimes painful digestive disorder.

5 Early Signs of a Gallbladder Problem - Verywell Health
Recognizing the first signs of a gallbladder problem can ensure timely treatment. Gallbladder issues can cause right upper abdomen pain, nausea, vomiting, and yellow skin.

Gallbladder Disease: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - Health
Gallbladder disease encompasses several conditions that affect your gallbladder. It can cause abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice, and more.

Visual Guide To Your Gallbladder - WebMD
Your gallbladder sits on the right side of your belly, below your liver. It’s a small organ, shaped like a pear, that holds a fluid called bile. This liquid, made in your liver, helps you digest ...

Gallbladder Disease: Symptoms, Treatment & What it Is
What is gallbladder disease? Gallbladder disease refers to any condition that affects the health of your gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a small organ in your digestive system. It stores some of the bile your liver makes and sends it to your small intestine to help break down food there. It does this through a series of pipes called bile ducts.

* Hepatology101 LATEST NEWS *

                    *Filter: "Gall-Bladder"

Indian Literature Review on Gallstones : Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice  Ovid
Gallbladder Cancer Diagnosis Shows Promise with cfDNA Fragmentomics  emjreviews.com
One Surgical Approach May Be Better for Complex Gallbladder Disease  MedPage Today
International collaborative research to improve gallbladder cancer prevention  Nature
Gastrointestinal: Giant gallbladder - Uemura - 2022 - Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Wiley Online Library
Uncommon localization of amyloidosis in gallbladder: Description of a case and brief literature review  www.elsevier.com
Childhood Obesity Is Making Gallstones More Common  Cleveland Clinic
Gallstones May Be the First Sign of Fatty Liver Disease  Verywell Health
Nanoliposomal irinotecan and fluorouracil plus leucovorin versus fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapies (AIO NALIRICC): a multicentre, open-label, rand  The Lancet
Congenital absence of the gallbladder in a child: a case report  Frontiers
Non-Surgical Management of Gallstones During Pregnancy: A Clinical Case Report  Cureus
Gallstones formed by NETs  Nature
EUS-Guided Gall Bladder Drainage in Surgically Unfit Patients Presenting with Acute Cholecystitis  Cleveland Clinic
From lipid secretion to cholesterol crystallization in bile. Relevance in cholesterol gallstone disease  www.elsevier.com
Gallbladder Removal Linked to Fatty Liver Disease Risk  emjreviews.com

Common Hepatology Symptoms

Jaundice (Icterus) — Yellowing of the skin and sclera caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels due to impaired hepatic processing or biliary obstruction.

Ascites — Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, commonly secondary to portal hypertension and advanced liver cirrhosis.

Hepatic Encephalopathy — Spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities including confusion, asterixis, and altered consciousness resulting from neurotoxin accumulation.

Pruritus — Severe, generalized skin itching frequently associated with cholestatic liver diseases and systemic bile acid accumulation.

Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain — Dull ache or sensation of fullness caused by stretching of Glisson's capsule surrounding an enlarged or inflamed liver.

Spider Angiomas and Palmar ErytHepa — Vascular cutaneous signs stemming from altered sex hormone metabolism and hyperdynamic circulation in chronic liver disease.

Dark Urine and Acholic Stools — Tea-colored urine from bilirubinuria paired with pale, clay-colored stools indicating impaired biliary drainage.

Milestones in Hepatology History

Discovery of the Australia Antigen (1965) — Baruch Blumberg identified the surface antigen of Hepatitis B, paving the way for diagnostic screening and the first HBV vaccine.

First Successful Human Liver Transplant (1967) — Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the world's first successful human liver transplantation at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.

Identification of Hepatitis Delta Virus (1977) — Mario Rizzetto discovered the delta antigen, characterizing HDV as a defective subviral pathogen reliant on HBV co-infection.

Cloning and Identification of Hepatitis C (1989) — Michael Houghton, Harvey Alter, and Charles Rice isolated the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus, officially naming it Hepatitis C.

Introduction of MELD Score System (2002) — The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease was adopted in the United States to prioritize liver allocation based on 3-month mortality risk.

Approval of Direct-Acting Antivirals for HCV (2013) — The FDA approved Sofosbuvir, ushering in an era of highly effective, interferon-free oral curative regimens for chronic Hepatitis C.

Nomenclature Shift to MASLD and MASH (2023) — Global liver societies renamed NAFLD/NASH to better reflect underlying metabolic pathology and eliminate stigmatizing language.

Current Hepatology Research

Bepirovirsen Functional Cure Trials — Evaluating antisense oligonucleotides to achieve a sustained loss of HBsAg and drug-free clinical response in patients living with chronic hepatitis B.

MASLD Diagnostics and Screening — Refining non-invasive biomarker panels and metabolic criteria to detect metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease early in co-infected populations.

Hepatitis D Expanded Testing Protocols — Implementing reflexive antibody and RNA testing strategies to address global underdiagnosis of delta hepatitis co-infections.

Global Elimination Strategy Implementation — Tracking regional epidemiological data and public health interventions designed to accelerate viral hepatitis eradication goals.

RNA Interference (RNAi) Gene Silencing — Investigating small interfering RNA therapies to knock down viral transcripts and reduce antigen production in chronic liver infections.

MASH Fibrosis Biomarker Development — Validating novel serum panels and elastography metrics to monitor metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis regression without invasive biopsies.

In Vivo Gene Editing via Lipid Nanoparticles — Utilizing hepatic-targeted LNP delivery systems to correct monogenic metabolic liver disorders directly within host hepatocytes.

Gut Microbiome Alterations in Cirrhosis — Analyzing gut-liver axis dysbiosis to prevent bacterial translocation and manage portal hypertension complications in end-stage liver disease.